A computer Notes for All the Competitive Examinations

 A computer Book for All the Competitive Examinations

Introduction...................................................................................................    4

Evolution of the Computer........................................................................    5

Fundamentals of Computer.......................................................................    6

Types of Computer.......................................................................................    10

Generations of Computer...........................................................................    13

Concept of Software....................................................................................    15

Concept of Hardware..................................................................................    19

Memory............................................................................................................    20

Introduction to Programming..................................................................    22

C programming.............................................................................................    24

Some C practical program.........................................................................    27

Some Important Notes of C.......................................................................    32

Internet.............................................................................................................    37

Some Fundamentals Questions and Answers...........................................    42

Abbreviations..................................................................................................    69

Previously Asked Questions and Answers...........................................    80

Model Questions and Answers.................................................................    114

INTRODUCTION

 

Computer knowledge or Information Technology has become an essential skill for day-to-day life. By the use of information technology a person or an organization can work efficiently and effectively. The main Purpose of this project is to explain different aspects of computer both practically and theoretically. I have prepared this project with the intention to give a thorough introduction to computer and computer programming such as C, C++, HTML etc.

A computer is a multipurpose electronic device that can receive process and store data. They are used as tools in every part of society together with the Internet. Computers nowadays are complex; there are a lot of different components inside them, and they all serve different purposes. They all need to work together for the computer to work; knowing how a computer works makes it easier to use a computer by being able to understand how a computer will respond.

      A computer is an electronic device that takes input such as numbers, text, sound, image, animations, video, etc., processes it, and converts it into meaningful information that could be understood, presenting the changed input (processed input) as output. All numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video used as input are called data, and all numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video returned as output are called information. Input is the raw data entered into the computer by using input devices or Computer is an electronic machine/device which can input data, process them according to the instruction given and then give out the meaningful information.

v  The data consists of numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video.

v  The process converts numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video (data) into usable data, which is called information.

v  The information consists of numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video that has been converted by the process.

v  The data is inserted using an input device.

v  The central processing unit (CPU) converts data to information.

v  The information is put on an output device.

Evolution of the Computer

 

Evolution of the computer:

The computer that we use today is the result of man’s long search for a device to help in performing computations. A series of scientific breakthroughs by many persons have contributed to produce this electronic machine, the computer. The word ‘computer’ is derived from the word “compute”, which means to “calculate”.

·         A device called “Abacus” was developed by the Chinese. This is supposed to be the first mechanical computing device.

·         In 1617, John Napier, a Scottish mathematician developed a device which is called Napier’s bones. With the help of this device multiplication and addition were possible.

·         In 1642, Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician invented the first mechanical calculator.

·         In 1673 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, a German invented the Leibniz calculator which was used for addition, subtraction and multiplication.

·         Around 1822, Charles Babbage a professor of mathematics at the Cambridge University devised an automatic calculating machine called Difference Engine.

Dr. Herman Hollerith built a computer to analyse the Census data of the United States of America in 1890. This computer was electro-mechanical and was named the Census machine or Hollerith Statistical Tabulator.

 

Fundamentals of Computer

 

 

 

                                                             

                                                              

2.

 

3.                                                                                

A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Its principal characteristics are:

• It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
• It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
• It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.

Therefore computers can perform complex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and reliably. Modern computers are electronic and digital. The actual machinery (wires, transistors, and circuits) is called hardware; the instructions and data are called software. All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components:

• Central processing unit (CPU): The heart of the computer, this is the component that actually executes instructions organized in programs ("software") which tell the computer what to do.
• Memory (fast, expensive, short-term memory): Enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data, programs, and intermediate results.
• Mass storage device (slower, cheaper, long-term memory): Allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data and programs between jobs. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.
• Input device: Usually a keyboard and mouse, the input device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer.
• Output device: A display screen, printer, or other device that lets you see what the computer has accomplished.

In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic components to work together efficiently. For example, every computer requires a bus that transmits data from one part of the computer to another.

v  Keyboard and Mouse are Input Devices, These Devices are the Source of Inputting User Instruction.

v  Monitor, Printer and Speaker are output Devices. These Devices saw the result of Process data by visualization on Monitor, on paper and Sound.

 

 

 

To Start a Computer:-

 

1. Switch on Board

2. Switch on UPS

3. Switch on CPU

4. Turn on Monitor

5. Type password on keyboard if any set by Administrator

Data Processing System of Computer:

The data processing system of a computer can be divided into three different steps i.e. Input, Processing and Output.

• In the Input step the computer accepts data and instructions from the user. Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Pen Drive are some of the input devices of computer.
• In the Processing step computer process the data according to the users instructions. Microprocessor is the main processing device of a computer which is supported by other devices such as Hard Disk, RAM and Motherboard etc.
• In the Output step the computer produce the final result of data processing to the user. Monitor is main output device of a computer which visually displays the result of processing. Some other output devices are Printer, Speaker and Plotter etc.
•  

 

10+10                         10+10=20                              20

                                                                                                  

Ø  Input (Use keyboard or Mouse to Enter Data into computer system).

Ø  Processing (Microprocessor carry out the operation)

Ø  Output (After completion of Processing the output will be displayed i.e. monitor, printer, speaker etc.)

Types of Computer

 

Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows:-

• Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.
• Workstation: A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and, in general, a higher-quality monitor.
• Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users simultaneously.
• Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
• Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

Personal computer: It can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. In price, personal computers range anywhere from a few hundred pounds to over five thousand pounds. All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database management applications. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is for playing games and recently for surfing the Internet.

Personal computers first appeared in the late 1970s. One of the first and most popular personal computers was the Apple II, introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, new models and competing operating systems seemed to appear daily. Then, in 1981, IBM entered the fray with its first personal computer, known as the IBM PC. The IBM PC quickly became the personal computer of choice, and most other personal computer manufacturers fell by the wayside. P.C. is short for personal computer or IBM PC. One of the few companies to survive IBM's onslaught was Apple Computer, which remains a major player in the personal computer marketplace. Other companies adjusted to IBM's dominance by building IBM clones, computers that were internally almost the same as the IBM PC, but that cost less. Because IBM clones used the same microprocessors as IBM PCs, they were capable of running the same software. Over the years, IBM has lost much of its influence in directing the evolution of PCs. Therefore after the release of the first PC by IBM the term PC increasingly came to mean IBM or IBM-compatible personal computers, to the exclusion of other types of personal computers, such as Macintoshes. In recent years, the term PC has become more and more difficult to pin down. In general, though, it applies to any personal computer based on an Intel microprocessor, or on an Intel-compatible microprocessor. For nearly every other component, including the operating system, there are several options, all of which fall under the rubric of PC

Today, the world of personal computers is basically divided between Apple Macintoshes and PCs. The principal characteristics of personal computers are that they are single-user systems and are based on microprocessors. However, although personal computers are designed as single-user systems, it is common to link them together to form a network. In terms of power, there is great variety. At the high end, the distinction between personal computers and workstations has faded. High-end models of the Macintosh and PC offer the same computing power and graphics capability as low-end workstations by Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, and DEC.

Workstation: It is a type of computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software development, and other types of applications that require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities. Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, at large amount of RAM, built-in network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have a mass storage device such as a disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called a diskless workstation, comes without a disk drive. The most common operating systems for workstations are UNIX and Windows NT. Like personal computers, most workstations are single-user computers. However, workstations are typically linked together to form a local-area network, although they can also be used as stand-alone systems.

Mini Computer: It is a midsize computer. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers and workstations. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from up to 200 users simultaneously.

Mainframe Computer: Mainframe was a term originally referring to the cabinet containing the central processor unit or "main frame" of a room-filling Stone Age batch machine. After the emergence of smaller "minicomputer" designs in the early 1970s, the traditional big iron machines were described as "mainframe computers" and eventually just as mainframes. Nowadays a Mainframe is a very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously. The chief difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a supercomputer channels all its power into executing a few programs as fast as possible, whereas a mainframe uses its power to execute many programs concurrently. In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe. The distinction between small mainframes and minicomputers is vague, depending really on how the manufacturer wants to market its machines.

Supercomputer: Supercomputer is a broad term for one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations (number crunching). For example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting). Perhaps the best known supercomputer manufacturer is Cray Research.

 

Generations of Computer

 

Generations of Computers

               In order to have three features i.e. perform logical functions, perform repetitive functions and store data and instructions (memory) in a computer, certain components were made use of, which made a lot of difference in the performance of the computer. So depending on the technology in use the computers are said to belong to different generations.

I Generation Computer (1945-1955)

                The main component in use was the vacuum tubes (like those in the old radios, which warmed up after a minute or so, and glowed red). The vacuum tubes were also called as valves. Some of the computers of these generations are ENIAC, UNIVAC-1.

II Generation Computers (1955-1965)   

In this generation valves were replaced by transistors. The advantages are:-

·         Reduced the size of the computer

·         Reduced manufacturing and running costs

·         Improved reliability and processing power of the computer
Some of the computers of this generation are: IBM 7000 SERIES, IBM 1620, IBM 1401

III Generation Computers(1965-1970)

              As the next step, functions of a number of transistors were put together on a single chip of silicon. The chip is a small silicon wafer with very minute transistors, which can do logical comparisons and calculations. Some of the computers of this generation are: IBM 360, IBM 370.

IV Generation Computers (1970 onwards) 

          Now the advancement of chip technology has come to be known as Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), where millions of transistors are packed in a single chip. The size of the chip is shrinking and the components, which are packed in a chip. As a result the size of the computer is reducing and the performance is increasing.

V Generation Computers

           From 1982 onwards research is on to develop a fifth Generation computer that will have thinking capacity just like that of the human brain. These computers which are based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) are designed to be “thinking” computers capable of storing large amount of data to be retrieved as and when required to solve a problem.

 

Concept of Software

 

Computer software, or simply software, is a part of a computer system that consists of data or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. Computer software includes computer programs, libraries and related non-executable data, such as online documentation or digital media. Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used on its own.

The term Software is very important in the field of computer. Software is the program which controls the working of a computer. The activities and behavior of the physical devices of computer system are controlled by the software which resides inside the computer (In the Memory). Software is the program which instruct the physical devices of the computer what to do, when to do and how to do and makes them useful for different uses. Software is designed by collecting data and information which are organized in a systematic order to perform certain specific task. Without the software, which must be present in the main memory of a computer, the physical devices of a computer system can’t do any activities.

Software refers to a set of programs which is capable of performing some specific tasks on a computer system. They can broadly classified into two categories-

• System software
• Application software

System software: - This software is usually engaged in background processes. This software sync the work of hardware and other types of programs. It acts as a middle layer between hardware and user applications.

System software makes a computer ready to work, in other words it switches on a computer to work with. It activates all the hardware devices and makes them ready to use by the user.

The main system software of a computer is the Operating System which works as an interface to the different programs and devices of a computer to the user. There are different versions of Operating System such as MS DOS (First Operating System), Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 etc. (These are GUI (Graphical User Interface) based operating system). System software includes programs like –

Operating system – It is a well-known example of system software. This software interacts with the hardware and provides the capability for running various types of programs. Desktop uses operating systems like Windows, Linux and Mac OS, whereas Android and Windows are commonly used operating systems for mobiles.  There are different types of operating systems like real time, distribute, embedded, etc., It is necessary to consider the hardware specifications before deciding the operating system.

 

Application Software – System Software are more concerned about the background programs of the computer system. However, an application software performs some specific task on a system. There are numerous types of application software.  They deal mainly with solving out some specific computing types of problems. They work for fulfillment of specific needs only.  These types of software are also known as apps in short. Some of the common application softwares are –

Word Processors – These software programs are used for creation of documents. In addition to basic activity of creating a document, it also assists in storing and printing that document. Changes can be easily made in the document through these word processors. It is one of the most commonly used application software. MS-Word is an example of a word processor program.

 

Here is an example of word processor software (MS Word)displaying a chart.

 

 

Database software – This software is capable of creating databases. In addition to it, it also manages the data or information residing inside the database. It is also known as DBMS sometimes. They help in organizing data. Some of the examples of database software are Access, Oracle and Sysbase.

Multimedia software – These software have been devised to work with different types of media which are connected with each other, they are usually used in multimedia presentation.

 

 

Windows Media player is an example of Multimedia software.

 

Education and Reference Software – These softwares have been devised in order to assist in learning about any specific thing. There are many different types of tutorial software programs which fall under this category. Many of these software programs have been designed for children for assisting them in their learning. They are also known as academic software. Ultimate Maths Invaders and My Amazing Human body are too such software.

Graphic software – These software programs assist in working with graphics, as it enables the user to edit or manipulate visual images. It includes image editors and illustration software. Adobe Photoshop and Corel Photo paint are two popular examples of graphic software. These types of software usually work on either bitmap or vector images.

Web Browser – This is a software program which is used for locating and retrieving files or resources on the World Wide Web. Internet explorer like web browser comes integrated with the operating system. Mozilla FireFox is another example of an application software program. It is an open source and multi-platform software.

There are many other types of application software programs like – Enterprise software, spreadsheet software, Information worker software, Simulation software, games, etc.

 

 

 

Concept of Hardware

 

Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, Speaker, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, motherboard, mouse etc.

Hardware is directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system. Some of the examples of hardware are-

·        Input devices − keyboard, mouse, etc.

·        Output devices − printer, monitor, etc.

·        Secondary storage devices − Hard disk, CD, DVD, etc.

·        Internal components − CPU, motherboard, RAM, etc.

 

Power supply

A power supply unit (PSU) converts alternating current (AC) electric power to low-voltage DC power for the internal components of the computer. Laptops are capable of running from a built-in battery, normally for a period of hours.

Motherboard

The motherboard is the main component of a computer. It is a board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer including the CPU, the RAM, the disk drives (CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others) as well as any peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion slots.

Storage devices

A storage device is any computing hardware and digital media that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.

 

 

Memory

CONCEPT OF MEMORY:

One of the most important features of a computer system is its memory power. Memory is the power of a computer to store data and information for future use. Computer memory can store any types of data i.e. alphabetical, numerical and graphical for a long duration of time. Data present in computer memory can be modified or erased by a user according to his need. Lots of data can be stored in the computer memory depending on the size of the memory. Computer memory can be measured, increased, decreased can be modified.

A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored. The memory is divided into large number of small parts called cells. Each location or cell has a unique address, which varies from zero to memory size minus one. For example, if the computer has 64k words, then this memory unit has 64 * 1024 = 65536 memory locations. The address of these locations varies from 0 to 65535.

Memory is primarily of three types −

• Cache Memory
• Primary Memory/Main Memory
• Secondary Memory

 

 

Following are the terms used for measuring computer memory:

          Bit, Byte, Kilo Byte, Mega Byte, Giga Byte, Tera Byte, Peta Byte.

                                                                                

          8 Bits                     =       1 Byte (1 Byte is equal to 1 Character)

          1024 Bytes             =       1 Kilo Byte (KB)

          1024 Kilo Bytes       =       1 Mega Byte (MB)

          1024 Mega Byte      =       1 Giga Byte (GB)

          1024 Giga Byte       =       1 Tera Byte (TB)

          1024 Tera Byte       =       1 Peta Byte (PB)

          1024 Peta Byte       =       1 Exa Byte (EB)

          1024 Exa Byte        =       1 Zetta Byte (ZB)

          1024 Zetta Byte      =       1 Yotta Byte (YB)

 

Computer Memory can be divided into two categories:

 

1.       Primary Memory:     It is also known as temporary memory of a computer which is used temporarily store the data and information. It is mainly used for controlling the current execution of different programs and commands. Data can’t be permanently stored in this memory. RAM (Random Access Memory) is the main temporary memory of a computer.

2.       Secondary Memory: It is also known as a permanent memory of a computer which is used for permanent storage of data and information. Data can be stored permanently in this memory for a long duration of time. Hard Disk is a device which is used as a permanent memory of a computer.

Introduction to Programming

 

Programming means giving instructions to a computer or telling a computer what to do. A program is set of instructions given to a computer. Every instruction consists of statements and every statement ends with a semicolon. A computer program is used to perform a specific task. There are different types of programming languages:-

1. Low Level Languages
2. High Level Languages

A Low-Level Language is a programming language that deals with a computer’s hardware components and constraints. It has no abstraction in reference to a computer and works to manage a computer’s operational semantics.

A low level language may also be referred to as a computer’s native language. Low level languages are considered to be closer to computers. In other words, their prime function is to operate, manage and manipulate the computing hardware and components. Programs and applications written in low level language are directly executable on the computing hardware without any interpretation or translation. The languages fall in this category is Machine level language and Assembly language.

Machine Level Language:

Some of the features of Machine level language are:

• It can understand only digital signals.
• The instructions given to the computer in the form of 1’s and 0’s (‘1’ means on and ‘0’ means off.
• It is not platform independent; this means that each machine type has its own machine language.
• MLL is an error-prone language.
• MLL programs are not portable.
• Machine Level Language is faster than any other programming languages because it is closer to computer’s hardware.

Assembly Language: An assembly language often abbreviated as asm, is a low level programming language for a computer or any programmable device. Each assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture. Assembly language is converted into executable machine code by a utility program referred to as an assembler. The conversion process is referred to as assembly, or assembling the source code.

 

A High-Level Language (HLL) is a programming language such as C, FORTAN, Pascal, BASIC, COBOL etc. these languages are machine independent and are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and further from machine languages. The main advantage of HLL over low-level languages is that they are easier to read, write and maintain. Ultimately, programs written in high-level language must be translated into machine language by a compiler or interpreter.

 

 

C Programming

 

History of programming

In earlier days of programming, every programming language was developed for some specific purpose. C is a middle level language/general purpose language which has been closely associated with the UNIX operating system for which it was developed. The operating system of UNIX and most of the programs that run it are written in c including the C compiler. The C language was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at AT&T Bell labs and in 1978 the publication of “The C programming Language by Kernighan & Ritchie” brought revolution in the computing world. The many of the important ideas of C stem from the language BCPL (Basic Combined Programming language) which was developed by Martin Richards at Cambridge University. The influence of BCPL on C proceeded indirectly through the language B, which was written by Ken Thompson in 1970 at Bell Labs, for the first UNIX system on a DEC PDP-7. BCPL and B are “type less” languages and on the other hand, C provides a variety of data types.

In 1983, ANSI (American National Standards Institute) formed a committee to standardize the C language. After 5 years, in 1988 the standard for C language was introduced and it is known as ANSI C.

Characteristics of C

Here are some of the characteristics of C language -:

Ø  C is a simple, small and fast programming language.

Ø  C is a middle level language because it is fall between high level language (FORTAN, COBOL, Pascal etc.) and low level language ( Machine Level Language and Assembly Language).

Ø  C is a general purpose language which is basically used for mathematical applications, scientific applications, business applications, systems software applications etc.

Ø  C language consists of 32 English words known as keywords (printf, scanf, if, for, else, break etc.).

Ø  It includes structures for selection (if, else, switch), repetition (for, while, do while) etc.

Ø  C language can be extended because it allows programmers to add their own library functions to the library.

Ø  Both application and system software can be written in C language.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Uses of C

When C was introduced for the first time, it was initially used for system development work, particularly operating system. Some of the uses/example of C programs are-:

1. Operating system.
2. Language compilers.
3. Gamming frameworks are written in C.
4. Embedded and mobile devices use C.
5. Text Editors.
6. Database software.
7. Assemblers.
8. Network drivers.
9. Utilities etc.

 

Some C practical Program

 

In this project report, I have written some codes/programs using code blocks and the compiler is MinGW.

Below there are some C programs with screenshot:-

1. Programs to write “Welcome to District Computer Centre”.

If you use TC software/compiler. The code will be like this:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

Void main ()

{

          Clrscr ();

          Printf (“Welcome to District Computer Centre.”);

          getch ();

}

If you use code blocks. The code will be just like this:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

Int main ()

{

Printf(“Welcome to District Computer Centre.”);

          Return 0;

}

 

 

Output screen:-

 

2. Program to find odd and even number.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

Void main ()

{

int a;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter your number\t”);

scanf(“%d”,&a);

if(a%2-1)

printf (“%d is an even number”,a);

else

printf (“%d is an odd number”,a);

getch();

}

 

Output:

3. Program to display numbers from 1 to 99.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

Void main ()

{

int n;

clrscr();

printf (“Here is a list of numbers from 1 to 99\n”);

for (n=1; n<100; n++)

printf(“\t %d”,n);

getch();

}

Output:

Some of the key points to remember:

a)    ‘#’ works as a preprocessor directive and ‘include’ is used to connect the header file to the compiler.

b)   <stdio.h> is a standard input output header file and it supports mainly two functions ‘printf’ and ‘scanf’. Printf (print formatted) is used to display output message of a program and scanf (scan formatted) is used to enter input into the console.

c)    <conio.h> which is used in Turbo C or TC is a console input output header file and it supports functions like clrscr (clear screen), getch (get character) etc.

d)   Void main () is a predefined function from where c program starts its execution and every functions returns some kind of value after its execution.

e)    clrscr() is used to clear the previous screen.

f)     getch() is used to hold the screen.

g)   Every statement in c ends with (;)semi colon.

h)   After writing the program, compile (alt+F9) and run (ctrl+F9) it.

 

Some Important Notes of C

 

Variable:

A variable is a meaningful name of data storage location in computer memory. When using a variable you refer to memory address of computer.

To declare a variable you specify its name and kind of data type it can store. The variable declaration always ends with a semicolon, for example:

int num;

char name;

Here, num & name are variable.

Data Types:

The data type defines an attribute to the variable. C data types are used to store various types of data which is processed by programmer. Data may be in any form numerical or alphabetical. For example int for number, char for alphabet.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Character Integer Float Double Void

Array Pointer Structure Union Enum etc.

 

Integer types:

Integers are whole numbers with a range of values, range of values are machine dependent. Generally an integer occupies 2 bytes memory space and its value range limited to -32768 to 32767 (that is, -2¹⁵ to +2¹⁵-1). A signed integer use one bit for storing sign and rest 15 bits for number. To control the range of numbers and storage space, C has three classes of integer storage namely short int, int and long int. All three data types have signed and unsigned forms. A short int requires half the amount of storage than normal integer. Unlike signed integer, unsigned integers are always positive and use all the bits for the magnitude of the number. Therefore the range of an unsigned integer will be from 0 to 65535. The long integers are used to declare a longer range of values and it occupies 4 bytes of storage space.
Syntax: int <variable name>; like
int num1;
short int num2;
long int num3;
Example: 5, 6, 100, 2500.

       Integer Data Type Memory Allocation

Floating Point Types:

The float data type is used to store fractional numbers (real numbers) with 6 digits of precision. Floating point numbers are denoted by the keyword float. When the accuracy of the floating point number is insufficient, we can use the double to define the number. The double is same as float but with longer precision and takes double space (8 bytes) than float. To extend the precision further we can use long double which occupies 10 bytes of memory space.
Syntax:          float <variable name>; like
float num1;
double num2;
long double num3;
Example:      9.125, 3.1254.

     Floating Point Data Type Memory Allocation

Character Type:

Character type variable can hold a single character. As there are singed and unsigned int (either short or long), in the same way there are signed and unsigned chars; both occupy 1 byte each, but having different ranges. Unsigned characters have values between 0 and 255; signed characters have values from –128 to 127.
Syntax: char <variable name>; like
char ch = ‘a’;
Example:      a, b, g, S, j.

Format:

Formats are the supporting describer of various data type. Without the proper use of format specifier c programs data types cannot be recognize by the system compiler.

There are many format specifiers defined in C. Format according to their data type:-

%c	Char	Print or scan a single character
%d or %i	Int	Print or scan a decimal integer.
%f	Float	Print or scan a floating point number
%If	Double	Print or scan a double
%s	String	Print or scan a string

C Operators:

 

Operator Name	Sign
Assignment operator	=
Arithmetic operator	+, -, *, /, %
Relational operator	==, !=, <=, >=,<,>
Logical operator	&&, ||, !
Increment/ Decrement operator	++, --

Array:

Array is a collection of same type elements under the same variable identifier referenced by index number. Arrays are widely used within programming for different purposes such as sorting, searching and etc. Arrays allow you to store a group of data of a single type.  Arrays are efficient and useful for performing operations. You can use them to store a set of high scores in a video game, a 2 dimensional map layout, or store the coordinates of a multi-dimensional matrix for linear algebra calculations.

Function:

A function is a block of code that has a name and it has a property that it is reusable i.e. it can be executed from as many different points in a C Program as required. Function groups a number of program statements into a unit and gives it a name. This unit can be invoked from other parts of a program. A computer program cannot handle all the tasks by it self. Instead its requests other program like entities – called functions in C – to get its tasks done.

 Pointer:

 

A pointer is a variable which contains the address in memory of another variable. We can have a pointer to any variable type. The unary or monadic operator & gives the “address of a variable''.

The indirection or dereference operator * gives the ``contents of an object pointed to by a pointer''.

To declare a pointer to a variable do:à   int *pointer;

The general form is <data type> *<variable name>;

Example: int *p,*q;

                   Char *name;

                  Float *p;

Example: int *p, x=10;

                  P=&x;

 

Structure:

 

A struct is a data structure that is used to define a heterogeneous set of data types. That is, a data group made up of elements of different data types.

Syntax:- struct tag-name

          Data type member1;

          Data type member2;

File:

A file is a collection of related data stored in a particular area on the disk. Programs can be designed to perform the read and write operation on these disks. A computer program that is work with a file performs the following:

v  Open a file in a particular mode

v  Read or write to the file

v  Process data of the file

v  Close the file

 

 

Internet

What is Internet:

 

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks. A computer that connects to the Internet can access information from a vast number of servers and other computers. An Internet connection also allows the computer to send information onto the network; that information may be saved and ultimately accessed by a variety of servers and other computers.

 

Computer network:

A computer network is a group of interconnected computers.

A computer network is a collection of computers and devices connected to each other. The network allows computers to communicate with each other and share resources and information. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) designed "Advanced Research Projects Agency Network" (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense. It was the first computer network in the world in late 1960s and early 1970s.

Internet Activity

The whole internet network is running on the concept of Server and Client relationship.

Servers are computers with a 24-hour Internet connection that provide access to their files and programs. These can be but are not limited to educational institutions, commercial companies, organizations, government or military organizations, Internet access providers and various other computer networks of all sizes.

Clients are software programs (and the people on remote computers using the software!) used to access files on a server (typically, a Web browsing program such as Netscape Navigator or an e-mail program such as Eudora).

Internet Equipment:

To access the Internet, you need the following minimum configuration. You can sometimes make do with less but you'll notice shortcomings.

• A computer with at least 16 megabytes of RAM.
• A color monitors that displays at least 16-bit or thousands of colors.
• A modem with a speed of at least 28.8 bps.
• A hard disk with plenty of storage space for the software you will use and all those files you'll be downloading.
•  Sound capabilities, stereo speakers to enjoy the multimedia world.

·         This may be obvious, but before you buy a computer, be sure to check around. Prices vary greatly.

World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web (commonly abbreviated as "the Web") is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a Web browser, one can view Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them using hyperlinks. The World Wide Web was started in 1989 by the English physicist Sir Tim Berners Lee. The World Wide Web enabled the spread of information over the Internet through an easy-to-use and flexible format. It thus played an important role in popularizing use of the Internet.

Web Browser

A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text, images, videos, music, games and other information typically located on a web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network. Text and images on a web page can contain hyperlinks to other web pages at the same or different website. Web browsers allow a user to quickly and easily access information provided on many web pages at many web sites by traversing these links. For Ex: Internet Explorer, Fire Fox etc

Website

A website is a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are hosted on one web server, usually accessible via the Internet. For Ex: www.santabanta.com, www.pasighat.com, www.micegroup.net, www.arunachalpradesh.nic.in, www.cbseresults.nic.in

Webpage

A web page is a document, typically written in HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), which displays information on the web browser.

Web Server

A computer program that is responsible for accepting request for website from a client computer and serving them along with data contents, which usually are web pages such as HTML documents and linked objects (images, etc.).

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

File Transfer Protocol is a network protocol used to exchange and manipulate files over a computer network, such as the Internet.

Internet Protocol

IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer has the task of delivering distinguished protocol datagram (packets) from the source host to the destination host solely based on their addresses. For this purpose the Internet Protocol defines addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation.

E-mail

 

Electronic mail—often abbreviated as e-mail or email—is a method of exchanging digital messages, designed primarily for human use. A message at least consists of its content, an author address and one or more recipient addresses.

Today we can send pictures and attach files on e-mail. Most e-mail servers today also feature the ability to send e-mail to multiple e-mail addresses.

E-Mail Address:

An e-mail address identifies a location to which e-mail messages can be delivered. An e-mail address on the modern Internet looks like, for example, jsmith@example.com and is usually read as "jsmith at example dot com". Many earlier e-mail systems had different formats for e-mail addresses.

E-mail addresses, such as jsmith@example.com, have two parts. The part before the @ sign is the local-part of the address, often the username of the recipient (jsmith), and the part after the @ sign is the domain which is a hostname where the e-mail will be sent (example.com). For Ex. amar@yahoo.com, ravi12@rediffmail.com etc.

 

Chatting

Chatting is one of the most popular activities on the Internet and involves people from all walks off life and just about all ages to coming together in areas where they can join in on in a variety of topics that they are interested in with people all around the world. Traditionally chat is text based but can also involve audio and video. In public chat areas people use "user names" or "nicknames" or sometimes represent themselves as graphical icons or "avatars" as they are known in the chat world.

URL

In computing, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that specifies where an identified resource is available and the mechanism for retrieving it. In some cases URL has also stood (for comedy effect) for Ultimate Resource Locator.

Some Fundamental Questions and Answers

 

1.    What are the fundamental steps a computer performs?

Ans. - InputàProcessàOutput                                          

2.    Give examples of some input devices.

Ans. - Mouse, Keyboard                                                                

3.    Which are the two digits of the binary system?

Ans. - 0’s & 1’s                                                   

4.    Name an operating system.

Ans. -Window XP, Window Vista & Window 7.                                                                          

5.    Name the primary memory of the computer.
Ans. - RAM, ROM & cache memory.                                            

6.    What is booting?

Ans. - Loading process of operating system file from secondary memory into the RAM is known as booting.            

7.    What is the use of ctrl + home?
Ans. - Ctrl + home is used to move to the first line of the document.                                                

8.    What is the use of save as option?
Ans. - To save previous file using other name we use save as option.         

9.    What is a file?
Ans. - A file may contain a program, part of a program, or data such as text, graphics, spreadsheet, sound, video or a combination thereof.

10.                       Deleted files are moved to a folder called the _______________ bin.                                          a.cycle              b. recycle   c. dust                  d. all of these     

11.                       Which of the following is a permanent storage?                                                                          a. RAM               b. ROM      c. secondary storage             d. none of these

12.                       Computers can store the data in the form of                                                                       a. byte                b. bit          c. both (a) and (b)        d. none of the above

13.                       Software is a collection of                                                                                                      a. computer programs         b. procedures               c. document                  d. all of the above

14.                       Operating system is also known as ________________                                                               a. database                  b. system software                c. hardware                    d. printer

15.                       Calculator option is found in __________________.
a. desktop           b. format             c. accessories                d. excel

16.                       What are icons?                                                                                                                      a. pictures                   b. small windows                   c. shortcuts                   d. text

Fill in the blanks:-

1.    A scanner is an _Input_ device.

2.    RAM is a ____________________ memory (volatile/non-volatile).

3.    The control unit, arithmetic logic unit and the memory unit together form the _CPU_ of the computer.

4.    Windows allows multi-tasking.

5.    A group of 8 bits is called a byte.

 

Answer the following questions:-                                                                              

1.    What is a computer?

Ans. :- Computer can be defined as an electronic machine that is designed to accept data and instructions , store data and instructions, process the data according to the instructions to produce desired results.

2.    What is the difference between ‘save’ and ‘save as’ option?

      Ans. :- ‘Save as’ option is used to save a file for the first time or to save the file with a different name and ‘ save ‘ option is used to save the modifications made to a file.

3.    What is the difference between copy-paste and cut-paste?

Ans.:- Copy- paste option is used to copy or make a duplicate copy of an object and paste it in another place whereas cut-paste option is used to move an object from one place to another. 

4.    What are secondary storage devices? Give examples.

Ans.:- The computer’s memory is limited. Inorder to supplement this memory , the computer is provided with a secondary memory using secondary storage devices . These secondary memory stores the data and instructions permanently. It is also referred to as external memory.

Eg:- hard disk, compact disk, flash drives, etc. 

5.What is operating system? Give examples.

Ans:- An operating system is a set of routine programs that is used to manage the operations of the computer. That is, it manages the system resources , runs programs in response to commands from the user and supervises the interaction between the system and its users. Eg. Windows 95/98/XP, UNIX, LINUX, etc.

6.What are input and output devices. Give examples.

Ans:- The devices which aid in the input of data and instructions into the computer are called input devices. Eg. Keyboard, mouse, image scanner, etc. The devices which aid in the communication of data and information from machine to man are called output devices. Eg. Monitor, printer, speaker, etc.                                                           

7.    What is CPU? What are the functions of the CPU?

Ans:-The part of the computer that executes programs, instructions is called processor or central processing unit. The Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU) and Memory Unit together form the CPU of the computer.

Functions of the CPU:-

·       To store data and instructions

·       To control the sequence of operations

·       To carry out processing.

6.    What is software? Name and define the different kinds of software.

Ans:- The term software means a collection of programs. A program is a set of logical instructions that is required to accomplish a particular task. Software can be classified as Application software and System software.

Application software :- It is a collection of application programs . An application program is one that has been developed to solve a specific data processing task. Eg. MS-Word, MS-Excel, etc.

System software:- It is a collection of programs designed to operate , control and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself. Eg. Operating system, compilers, etc. 

7.    What are the functions of operating system?

Ans:- The functions of the operating system are as follows:-

·       To control input/output operations

·       To control the movement of data in the primary storage.

·       To locate and load programs from secondary storage.

·       To save files in the secondary storage.

·       To manage a larger task in a smaller primary memory by using the technique of virtual

memory.

8.    What are primary storage devices?

Ans:- The primary unit of the computer is made up of RAM, ROM and Cache.

RAM:- Random Access Memory(RAM) is used to store the data and instructions that are currently being processed. This memory can be randomly accessed and is also called the Immediate Access

Memory. It is volatile i.e the memory is erased when the power supply is cut off.

ROM(Read Only Memory):- The storage elements in the ROM are not available to the user. These elements contain certain pre-coded instructions which are used by the computer. These storage locations are only read and cannot be erased or changed.

Cache:- Cache is a specially designed buffer storage used to improve computer performance by

 reducing access time. It holds instructions and data that are likely to be needed for next operation by the processor.

9.    What are peripheral devices?

Ans:- The input , output and secondary storage devices are called peripheral devices or peripherals because they are often located near the processor unit. The peripherals are connected to the processor by electric cables and the signals are passed to the peripherals in the form of electric pulses. Eg. Keyboard, printer, monitor, etc.

10.                       What are bits and bytes?

Ans.:- The computer is a switching circuit consisting of logically arranged ‘on’ or ‘off’ transistors and a particular sequence of these ‘on’-‘off’ transistors represents a code for a character. The two state or bi-state of ‘on’ or ‘off’ situation is represented by 1(for ‘on’) and 0(for ‘off’). These two digits, which represents the bi-state of electronic system, are called binary digits or bits. A group of 8 bits, which is used to represent a character is called a byte.

11.                       What is multi-tasking?

Ans:- MS-Windows allows executing more than one program at a time. This feature is called multi-tasking. Each program will work in its own window and the user can switch to any program without closing the previous program.

12.                       What is an icon? Name the different types of icons.

Ans.:- A small graphical picture on the screen is called an icon.

There are three types of icons: -    a. folder icon b. program icon           c. document icon.

13.                       Moving the cursor using keyboard:-

á	Up one line
â	Down one line
ß	Left one character
à	Right one character
Ctrl + ß	Left one word
Ctrl + à	Right one word
^ Home	Beginning of document
^End	End of document
^PgUp	Top left corner of the window
^PgDn	Bottom right corner of the window
Ctrl + á	Previous paragraph
Ctrl + â	Next paragraph

 

14.                       What is a file?

Ans.:- A file is a collection of text that has a name, called the filename. The filename can be upto 255 characters , and can use spaces and special characters.

    A filename consists of two parts i.e. primary and secondary name. The primary name is the first part of the name and the secondary name is the extension to the primary name. The two are separated by a period.

15.                       What is the recycle bin?

Ans.:- Recycle bin is a holding place for the deleted files and folders. These files are not actually deleted from the hard disk until the recycle bin is emptied.

MS-WORD

1.    What is MS-Word?

Ans.-Microsoft Word is a Word processing application software used to create application document & files.

2.    What is a word file called?
Ans.-Word file is known as Document.

3.    What is the shortcut for underline to underline a text?
Ans. - Ctrl+U

4.    What is the use of auto text.

Ans.-Auto Text is a feature to enter a desire text automatically.

5.    Write the extension name of a file in MS-word.
Ans.-Doc & Docx

6.    Which bar contains the menu options?

Ans.-Menu bar

7.    To display the new document through the wizard we have to select the                                           

a. Office button       b. insert menu    c. format menu   d. none of these

8.    The header and footer option is in ____________ menu      

9.    a. insert          b. format             c. tools                 d. view

10.           The spelling and grammar is in the _______________ menu.   
a. insert          b. home     c. review    d. view

11.           The menu that is used to close the application is called                                                                                      
a. insert b. control   c. office button   d. both b & c

12.            If an error occurs while typing the key on the keyboard that is used to erase characters to the left of the cursor one at a time is called                                                                                                                            
a. delete         b. backspace       c. shift+del           d. none of these

13.           The shortcut for copying formats is                                                        a. ctrl+c           b. ctrl+v     c. ctrl+shift+c                d. none of these

14.           Save as option is used to _______________                                          a. save the file with same filename                                               

b. save the same file with different name                                              c. both (a) and (b)                                                                                       d. none of the above  

15.                       Ctrl +A keys together select the ___________________ document.                                          
 a. entire    b. paragraph of the               c. word of the               d. all of the above

16.                       Shortcut key to check spelling & grammar?
Ans.-F7 is a short key to check spelling & grammar.

17.                       OLE full form
Ans.- Object Linking and Embedding.

18.                       GUI full form.

Ans.- Graphical User Interface.

 

Answer the following questions:-                                                                              

1.    What are the different types of breaks available in MS-Word?

Ans.:- The different types of breaks available in MS-Word are:-

a.     Page break          

b.    b. column break          

c.     c. text wrapping break

d.    d. section break

 

2.    Define table.

Ans.:- A table is any information grouped together, arranged in rows and columns. Each intersection of a row and column is referred to as a cell of the table.

3.    Name the different types of alignments in MS-Word.

Ans:- The different types of alignments in MS-Word are:-

a.     Left align    b. center align              c. right align                 d. justify

 

4.    What are called superscript and subscript?

Ans.:- The text that is written below the original line is a subscript. Eg. H₂O , here, 2 is the subscript. The text that is written above the original line is called superscript. Eg. A³+B³, here, 3 is the superscript.

5.    Some shortcut keys and their actions:-

Shortcut keys	Actions
Ctrl  + B	Bold icon
Ctrl + I	Italic icon
Ctrl + U	Underline icon
Ctrl + Shift + P	Font size box
Ctrl + Shift + F	Font box
Ctrl + Shift + A	All caps (All upper case)
Ctrl + Shift + K	Small caps
Ctrl + Shift + D	Double underline
Ctrl + Shift + W	Word underline
Ctrl + Shift + H	Hide
Ctrl + =	Subscript
Ctrl + Shift + =	Superscript
Ctrl + F	Find and replace
Ctrl + P	Print menu
Ctrl + spacebar	Reset character
Ctrl + [	To decrease the character size one point at a time
Ctrl + ]	To increase the character size one point at a time
Ctrl + Shift + <	Reduces the font by point sizes as displayed in  the formatting toolbar
Ctrl + Shift + >	Increases the font size by point sizes as displayed in  the formatting toolbar
Ctrl + C	To copy an object
Ctrl + V	To paste an object
Ctrl + X	To cut an object
Ctrl + S	To save a file
F7	Spelling and grammar check
Ctrl + Z	Undo
Ctrl + Y	Redo

 

6.    What is auto correct?

Ans.:- Auto correct is used to get the text that is required immediately after typing the shortcut  name without pressing any other key. It is a method to correct the text as the user types it.

MS-EXCEL

1.    What is the use of the name box?
Ans.:-Name box displays the cell address of currently active cell.

2.    What does ‘current cell’ mean?
Ans.:-Current cell means the active cell.

3.    How many rows and columns are there in an excel sheet?
Ans.:-1048576 rows & 16384 columns.

4.    What is the extension name of MS-Excel file?
Ans.:- .XLSX

5.    What does the now ( ) function do?
Ans.:- Now( ) function displays the current date & time.

6.    The work area in MS-Excel is divided into                         

a.only rows         b. only columns  c. rows and columns             d. none of the above

7.    Which of the following system is correct regarding to sum () function in Excel?               

a.=sum(A1,B9)              b. =sum(A1:B9)   c. =sum(A1:A9:B1:B9)      d. all of the above

8.    (B7:B9) indicates                                                                            

a. cell B7 and B9 only            b. cell B7  upto  B9       c. cell B8 only   d. none of the above

Fill the blanks:-                                                                                        

1.    MS- Excel is a Windows based Spread sheet package.

2.    Formula bar displays the cell content.

3.    Each workbook contains three worksheets by default.

4.    A cell can contain upto 32000 characters.

5.      * Operator is used for multiplication.

6.    Charts are graphical representation of numerical data.

7.     Sum_ function is used add the numeric value in a range of cells.

8.    In excel formula begin with = sign.

9.    Max formula is used to find out highest value in the range.

10.                       Countblank formula is used to count the blank cells.

11.                       Name box display the active current cell address.

Answer the following questions:-                                                                              

1.    What is MS-Excel?

Ans.:- MS-Excel is a windows based spreadsheet package. In a spreadsheet package, the re-calculation is automatic. The details of bank passbook, tax, inventory, etc. can be maintained using  a  spreadsheet package.

2.    Define cell. How can a cell be made active?

Ans.:- The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell. Each cell has a name or a cell address. Any cell can be made active by clicking on that cell.

3.    Define formulas.

Ans.:- Formulas are entered into the cell to perform calculations. A formula begins with an equal sign (=).

4.    Write the importance of functions.

Ans.:- The importance of functions are:-

a.     Function shortens a formula.

b.    Complex formulas can be created using functions and some tasks can be accomplished only by using the functions.

 

5.    What is the auto fill feature of MS-Excel?

Ans.:- The auto fill feature of MS-Excel will save data entry time by expanding series of numbers, days of weeks, different months, etc. from a given cell to adjacent ones. This is achieved by using the fill handle.

6.    Define range name.

Ans.:- A range name is a name given to a range of cells. This range name can be used instead of cell addresses  in formulae.

7.    What is a database? Name the different types of databases.

Ans.:- An organized collection of data arranged in rows and columns is a database. It is also called an excel list.                                                                                                                                      

          There are two types of worksheet databases:-

a.Internal :- Databases created in excel are called internal databases.

b. External:- A database created using DBMS packages like Foxpro, dBASE, Oracle, etc. is called an external database.

 

8.    What is data sort?

Ans.:- Sorting is arranging the records in a database , based in one or more fields(columns). Sort brings the related records together, so that the records in the database are easily accessible.

9.  What is cell reference? Name the types of cell references with examples.

Ans.:- A formula represents certain cell relationships, which generates a result. When a formula is copied to other cells, a cell reference specifies, whether its column or row number has to change or remain the same. While typing the cell address in the formula, three types of cell references can be used:-

a.     Relative reference: - If a formula with relative reference is copied, the cell reference used in the formula will automatically change in the copied cell.

b.    Absolute reference: - If the formula with absolute reference is copied, the cell reference used in the formula remain unchanged . To achieve this, use $ symbol before the column letter and row number.

c.     Mixed reference: - If a formula with mixed reference is copied, the cell references used in the formula will change either the column letter or the row number but not both of them. To achieve this, use $ symbol before the column letter or row number.

9.    Name and define the various types of mathematical and statistical functions.

Ans.:- The various types of mathematical and statistical functions are:-

a.      SUM():- It is a mathematical function used to add the numeric value in a range of cells. A maximum of 30 arguments can be provided.

b.      AVERAGE():- It calculates and returns the average of the numeric values in the range of cells. A maximum of 30 arguments can be provided.

c.       MAX():- It returns the largest value in the range. A maximum of 30 arguments can be provided.

d.      MIN():- It returns the lowest value in the range. A maximum of 30 arguments can be provided.

e.      COUNT():- It counts the number of cells that contain numbers in the specified range. It is a Statistical function.

f.        COUNTA():- It counts the number of cells that are not empty in the specified range. A maximum of 30 arguments can be provided.

g.      COUNTBLANK():- It counts empty cells in a specified range of cells. Cells with zero values are not counted.

 

10.                       Date and Time functions:-

Ans.:- The date and time functions used in Excel are:-

a.     =Date (year, month, day):- It returns the serial number of  a particular date .

b.    =now():- It returns the serial number of the current date and time.

 

11.                       Text functions:-

Ans.:- The text functions are:-

a.     Left() :- It returns the specified number of characters from the left side of a text string.

b.    Right() :- It returns the specified number of characters from the right side of a text string.

c.     Mid() :- It returns a specified number of characters starting from a text string.

d.    Len() :- It returns the length of a text string. Spaces are counted as characters.

e.     Proper() :- It converts the first letter of each word in a text string to upper case and remaining letters to lower case.

f.       Rept() :- It repeats the given text a specified number of times.

g.     Upper() :- It converts all lower case letters in a text string to upper case.

h.    Lower() :- It converts all upper case letters in a text string to lower case.

 

12.                       Write the steps for creating a database   in excel.

Ans.:- The following points must be remembered while creating a database:-

·       Avoid creating more than one list on the same workbook.

·       Leave at least one blank column and one blank row between the list and other data on the worksheet.

·       Avoid putting blank rows and columns in the list.

·       Avoid placing important data to the left or right of the list because this data might be hidden when filter option is applied to the list.

 

13.                       Operators:-

Operator is a symbol, used to specify the type of calculation that is to be performed on the elements of formula. There are four types of calculation operators:-

a.     Arithmetic operator:- It performs basic mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, combine numbers and produce numeric results.

OPERATOR	MEANING	EXAMPLE
+ (plus sign)	Addition	3+3
-(minus sign)	Subtraction	3-1
*(asterisk)	Multiplication	3*3
/(forward slash)	Division	3/3
%(percent sign)	Percent	20%3
^(caret)	Exponentiation	3^2

 

b.    Comparison operator:- It compares two values and then produce the logic value TRUE or FALSE.

OPERATOR	MEANING	EXAMPLE
=(equal sign)	Equal to	A1=B1
>(greater than sign)	Greater than	A1>B1
<(less than sign)	Less than	A1<B1
>=(greater than or equal to sign)	Greater than or equal to	A1>=B1
<=(less than or equal to sign)	Less than or equal to	A1<=B1
<>(not equal to sign)	Not equal to	A1<>B1

 

c.     Text operator:- “&” (ampersand) combines one or more text values to produce a single piece of text.

d.    Reference operator:- It combines a range of cells for calculations.

OPERATOR	MEANING	EXAMPLE
:(colon)	Range operator, which produces one reference to all the cells between two references, including the two references.	B5:B15
,(comma)	Union operator, which combines multiple references into one reference.	=sum(B5:B15,D5:D15)
(single space)	Intersection operator, which produces one reference to cells common to two references.	=sum(B5:B15 A7:D7) Here cell b7 is common to  both ranges.

 

14.                       Logical functions:-

Ans.:- Logical functions are used to see whether a condition is true or false or to check for multiple conditions.

a.     IF ():- The function IF is used to determine whether a condition is true or false . One value is

Returned if the condition is true, and a different value is returned if the condition is false.                                 

Syntax:-= IF (logical test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

b.    SUMIF ():- SUMIF () is used to total a range of numeric cells based on a condition.                              

Syntax: - =SUMIF (range, criteria, [sum range])

c.     COUNTIF ():- This function gives the count of the number of cells which satisfies the condition.          

Syntax: - =COUNTIF (range, criteria)

 

15.                       What is Auto Sum?

Ans.:- Auto Sum is used to total a range of numeric cells. This icon is available in the Editing group of Home tab.

16.                       What is Custom List?

Ans.:- A Custom List is a collection of some commonly used words , which can be reproduced by dragging the fill handle. For example, a company operates in four different regions (East, West, North, and South) and the region has to be typed constantly into the worksheet, a Custom List can be used to save data entry time.

17.                       What are charts? What are the different types of charts?

Ans.:- Charts are graphical representation of numerical data. A set of numeric data which is actually plotted, is called a data series. Each value in the data series is a data point. Data series can be in rows and columns.

Types of charts:- Depending on the appearance of chart, chart can be Embedded chart and Chart Sheet. Embedded Chart is drawn on the worksheet where the data exists. Chart Sheet is a separate sheet containing only the chart in it.

18. Define filter.

Ans.: - Sometimes it is useful to show only those records that meet certain criteria or condition.

This is accomplished by filtering the database. There are two types of filters:- Auto Filter and Advanced Filter.

Auto Filter:- It helps us to display the records, which meets a certain condition.

Advanced Filter: - It is used to display records that match a condition. The condition is written in a separate part of the worksheet.

MS-POWER POINT

1.    What is slide transition?
Ans.:- Slide transition is how PowerPoint gets from one slide to the next slides during an on  screen slide show.

2.    What is meant by animation?

Ans.:- Animation means to display items in a continuous manner to simulate motion.

3.    Which tool is used to add text into the slide/page area?
Ans.:-Text box.

4.    ______________ are individual pages of your presentation.     

a. slides           b. handouts                  c. notes      d. none of the above

5.    The slide sorter view gives us a miniature picture of each slide.

6.    Shortcut key to view the Power Point presentation.
a. F6           b.F1            c.F2            d.F5

 

Answer the following questions: -                                                                             

1.    Define MS-Power Point.

Ans:- MS-Power point is a very powerful presentation utility, which helps in creation of presentation at ease and with immense speed. It includes many features to help the user create, format and manipulate electronic presentations.

2.    What are the features and utilities of MS-Power Point?

Ans.:- Features and utilities of MS-Power point are:-

a.     Presentation wizards, which help us through a presentation.

b.    Clip art.

c.     Slides show customization.

 

3.    Define the slide master.

Ans.:- The slide master is the master organizer. All the slides follow the pattern of the slide master. The slide master will automatically be active in the background whenever slides are prepared or opened.                                                                          

4.    What are the different types of views in Power Point? Define them.

Ans.: - The different types of views in Power-Point are:-

a.     Normal view: - It is the main editing view, where we write and design our presentations.

b.    Slide Sorter view: - This view gives us a view of our slides in thumbnail form arranged in horizontal rows. It is useful in making global changes to several slides at one time.

c.     Notes Page view: - In this view, we can type notes that apply to the current slide. Later we can print our notes and refer to them when we give our presentation.

d.    Slide Show view:- We use slide show view to deliver our presentation to the audience. In this view, we can see how our graphics, timings, movies, animated effects and transition

Effects will look during the actual presentation.

 

INTERNET

1.    What is the full form of LAN?
Ans:-Local Area Network.

2.    What is protocol?
Ans:- Protocol is a set of rules governing the transfer of Information.

3.    What is the HTTP?

Ans:-Hyper text transfer protocol.

4.    What is URL?
Ans:-Uniform Resource Locator. URL is the technical term for the address of the information on the Internet.

5.    Is modem a hardware or software device?
Ans:-Hardware device.    

   6. The general unit of measure Kbps stands for

a) Kilo byte per second                            b) Kilo bit per seconds         

c) Kilo bit per second                      d) none of the above

 

          7. The full form of URL is

a)    Uniform Resource Location

b)    Uniform Resource Locator

c)     Unicode resource locator

d)    None of the above

          8.  Smallest unit of memory

a) bit

b) byte

c) kilo byte

d)mega byte      

                                    

Answer the following questions:-                                                                              

1.    What is internet? What can we do with the help of internet?

Ans:- The internet is an international network of computers that allow people to access a Wide  range of information and services. With the help of internet, people can access a vast storehouse of information and services like e-mail, chat areas, forums, etc. Telephoning and video conferencing over the Net is also possible.

2.    What is a browser?

Ans:- A browser is a software, which allows the user to find , view and manage information on the world wide web. It reads information on web servers and presents it in easy to understand form. Eg. Microsoft Internet Explorer, firefox, etc.

3.    What are the items of information a URL gives?

Ans:- The URL gives three items of information:-

a.     A service descriptor which specifies the protocol to use, like http, ftp, etc.

b.    The internet site at which the file can be found.

c.     And the place on that service where the file is located like index.htm

 

4.    What is firewall?

Ans:- Firewall is the name given to a computer application that provides a secure connection to the internet. It monitors information sent to and from our organization on to the internet and presents access to our sensitive information.

5.    What are modems?

Ans:- The most popular device to connect to the internet is a modem. It can be easily plugged into a standard telephone connection. It is an important link between the computer running internet browser and dial-up service provider.

6.    What is WWW?

Ans.:- World Wide Web is a vast connection of web sites, made up of web pages. It can be thought as graphical interface to the internet, providing a revolutionary way of accessing                                                 information scattered across millions of computers around the world.

7.    What is a web site?

Ans:- A web site is simply a collection of inter-linked web pages. Web pages need not be related to each other. By its very nature, the Web makes it possible to link any number of items, including other pages.

8.    Define E-mail.

Ans:- E-mail or electronic mail can be defined as the exchange of messages and computer files between computers over a computer network. This network can be a small as a Local Area Network (LAN) or as large as the Internet that spans the world.

9.    What is a Web Server?

Ans:- Web Server:-  The server is the place where the web pages are stored .  A web server does a great deal of work in making web pages and sites available to the browsers. They are the linking mechanism between us and the web; between people and pages.

10.            What are Web Pages?

Ans:- Pages written in HTML that is available on the internet through the HTTP protocol are called web pages. It is the visual part of the World Wide Web.

11.           What are Search Engines?

Ans:- Web Search Engines help in the hunt for the required information. It displays a list of related sites along with the number of sites found that match our search parameters.

 

 

 

Abbreviation

 

AAC--------------------------------- Advanced Audio Recording

ABR---------------------------------- Available Bit Rate

ADC--------------------------------- Analog to Digital Convertor

Ajax--------------------------------- Asynchronous Java Script and XML

AI------------------------------------ Artificial Intelligence

ALGOL------------------------------ Algorithmic Language

ALU--------------------------------- Arithmetic Logic Unit

AMD-------------------------------- Advanced Micro Devices

API----------------------------------- Application Program Interface

ARPANET-------------------------- Advanced Research Projects Agency          Network

ASCII-------------------------------- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASP---------------------------------- Active Server Pages/ Application Service Provider

ATM--------------------------------- Asynchronous Transfer Mode/Automated Teller Machine

AVI---------------------------------- Audio Video Interleave

BASIC------------------------------- Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

BCC---------------------------------- Blind Carbon Copy

BCD--------------------------------- Binary Coded Decimal

BCR---------------------------------- Bar Code Reader

BGP--------------------------------- Border Gateway Protocol

BINAC------------------------------ Binary Automatic Computer

BIOS--------------------------------- Basic Input Output System

Blog--------------------------------- Web Log

BMP--------------------------------- Bitmap

CAD--------------------------------- Computer – Aided Design

CC------------------------------------ Carbon Copy

CD----------------------------------- Compact Disk

CD-R-------------------------------- Compact Disk – Recordable

CD-ROM--------------------------- Compact Disk Read Only Memory

CD-RW----------------------------- Compact Disk Rewritable

CD-WO----------------------------- Compact Disk – Write Once

CG----------------------------------- Computer Graphics

CGA--------------------------------- Colour Graphics Array

CGI---------------------------------- Common Gateway Interface

CIFS--------------------------------- Common Internet File System

CMD-------------------------------- Command

CNC--------------------------------- Computer Numerical Control

COBOL----------------------------- Common Business Oriented Language

COMPUTER----------------------- Commonly Operated Machine Particularly Used for Trade/Technology, Education and Research.

CPU--------------------------------- Central Processing Unit

CRT---------------------------------- Cathode Ray Tube

CSS---------------------------------- Cascading Style Sheet

Ctrl---------------------------------- Control (Computer Keyboard Key)

DAC--------------------------------- Data Acquisition and Control/Digital-To-Analog Converter

DAP--------------------------------- Directory Access Protocol

DAT--------------------------------- Digital Audio Tape

DB----------------------------------- Database

DBMS------------------------------- Database Management System

DDL--------------------------------- Data Definition Language

DDR--------------------------------- Double Data Rate

DES---------------------------------- Data Encryption Standard

DFS---------------------------------- Distributed File System  

DHTML----------------------------- Dynamics Hyper Text Markup Language

DML--------------------------------- Data Manipulation Language

DNS--------------------------------- Domain Name System

Doc---------------------------------- Document

DOS--------------------------------- Disk Operating System

DSL---------------------------------- Digital Subscriber Line

DRAM------------------------------ Dynamic Random Access Memory

DVD--------------------------------- Digital Video/Versatile Disk

DVI---------------------------------- Digital Visual Interface

DVR--------------------------------- Digital Video Recorder

EAP---------------------------------- Extensible Authentication Protocol

EBCDIC----------------------------- Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

E-Commerce--------------------- Electronic Commerce

EDC---------------------------------- Electronic Digital Computer

EDI----------------------------------- Electronic Data Interchange

EDP---------------------------------- Electronic Data Processing

EEPROM--------------------------- Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EFS---------------------------------- Encrypted File System

EGA--------------------------------- Enhanced Graphics Array

E-Mail------------------------------ Electronic Mail

EPROM----------------------------- Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EROM------------------------------ Erasable Read Only Memory

EXE---------------------------------- Executable

FAT---------------------------------- File Allocation Table

FDD--------------------------------- Floppy Disk Drive

FTP---------------------------------- File Transfer Protocol

GB----------------------------------- Giga Byte

GIF----------------------------------- Graphics Interchange Format

GIGO-------------------------------- Garbage In, Garbage Out

GPU--------------------------------- Graphics Processing Unit

GUI---------------------------------- Graphical User Interface

HDD--------------------------------- Hard Disk Drive

HTML------------------------------- Hyper Text Markup Language

HTTP-------------------------------- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

IBM---------------------------------- International Business Machines

IC------------------------------------- Integrated Circuit 

ICMP-------------------------------- Internet Control Message Protocol

IMAP-------------------------------- Internet Message Access Protocol

I/O----------------------------------- Input Output

IP------------------------------------- Internet Protocol

INTEL------------------------------- Integrated Electronics

ISDN-------------------------------- Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO---------------------------------- International Organisation for Standardization

ISP----------------------------------- Internet Service Provider

IVR----------------------------------- Interactive Voice Response

IT------------------------------------- Information Technology

JPEG-------------------------------- Joint Photographic Experts Group

JUG---------------------------------- Java Users Group

Kb------------------------------------ Kilobit

KB------------------------------------ Kilobyte

Kbps-------------------------------- Kilobits/Kilobytes Per Second

LAN--------------------------------- Local Area Network

LED---------------------------------- Light Emitting Diode

LIFO--------------------------------- Last In First Out

LLL----------------------------------- Low Level Language

LPT---------------------------------- Line Printer

MAC-------------------------------- Media Access Control

MAN-------------------------------- Metropolitan Area Network

Mb---------------------------------- Megabit

MB---------------------------------- Motherboard/Megabyte

Mbps------------------------------- Megabits Per Second

MBPS------------------------------- Megabytes Per Second

MICR-------------------------------- Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

MIME------------------------------- Multipurpose Internet Mail extensions

MODEM--------------------------- Modulator Demodulator

MPEG------------------------------- Motion Pictures Experts Group

MS-DOS--------------------------- Microsoft – Disk Operating System 

NAT--------------------------------- Network Address Translation

NFS---------------------------------- Network File System

NTP--------------------------------- Network Time Protocol

OCR--------------------------------- Optical Character Reader

OMR-------------------------------- Optical Mark Reader

OOP--------------------------------- Object Oriented Programming

OS----------------------------------- Operating System

P2P---------------------------------- Point to Point Protocol

PAN--------------------------------- Personal Area Network

PAP---------------------------------- Password Authentication Protocol

PC------------------------------------ Personal Computer

PCB---------------------------------- Printer Circuit Board

PCI----------------------------------- Peripheral Component Interconnect

PGA--------------------------------- Pin Grid Array

PHP--------------------------------- Hypertext Preprocessor

PIXEL-------------------------------- Picture Element

PNG--------------------------------- Portable Network Graphics

PPP---------------------------------- Point to Point Protocol

PRN--------------------------------- Printer

PROM------------------------------ programmable Read Only Memory

PSU--------------------------------- Power Supply Unit

RAM-------------------------------- Random Access Memory

RARP-------------------------------- Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

RDBMS----------------------------- Relational Database Management System

ROM-------------------------------- Read Only Memory

SAM--------------------------------- Software Asset Management

SAN--------------------------------- Storage Area Network

SCSI--------------------------------- Small Computer System Interface

SDL---------------------------------- Simple Direct Media Layer

SDRAM----------------------------- Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory

SFTP-------------------------------- Secure File Transfer Protocol

SGML------------------------------- Standard Generalized Markup Language

SGRAM----------------------------- Synchronous Graphics RAM

SIP----------------------------------- Session Initiation Protocol

SIU---------------------------------- Serial Interface Unit

SMTP------------------------------- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SNAP------------------------------- Sub Network Access Protocol

SNMP------------------------------ Simple Network Management Protocol

SPI----------------------------------- Serial Peripheral Interface

SQL---------------------------------- Structured Query Language

SRAM------------------------------- Static Random Access Memory

TCP---------------------------------- Transmission Control Protocol

UAC--------------------------------- User Account Control

UI------------------------------------ User Interface

UPS--------------------------------- Uninterruptible Power Supply

URL---------------------------------- Uniform Resource Locator

USB--------------------------------- Universal Serial Bus

VB----------------------------------- Visual Basic

VCD--------------------------------- Video Compact Disk

VDU--------------------------------- Visual Display unit

VGA--------------------------------- Video Graphics Array

VLAN------------------------------- Virtual Local Area Network

VM---------------------------------- Virtual Machine/Memory

VoIP--------------------------------- Voice over Internet Protocol

VPN--------------------------------- Virtual Private Network

VIRUS------------------------------- Vital Information Resource Under Sieges

WAN-------------------------------- Wide Area Network

WAP-------------------------------- Wireless Application Protocol

WIFI--------------------------------- Wireless Fidelity

WLAN------------------------------ Wireless Local Area Network

WWW------------------------------ World Wide Web

XHTML----------------------------- eXtensible Hyper Text Markup Language

XML--------------------------------- eXtensible Markup Language 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1)    The acronym HTML stands for? (Computer Abbreviation)

a)    High Transfer Machine Language

b)    High Transmission Mark-Up Language

c)     Hyper-Text Mark-up Language

d)    Hypermedia Mark-up Language

Ans. – C

2)    Which of the following is not a computer language? (Programming Language)

a)    BASIC

b)    COBOL

c)     LOTUS

d)    FORTRAN

Ans. –C

3)    All formula in Excel starts with (MS Office)

a)    %

b)    +

c)     =

d)    –

Ans. – C

4)    The file extension used for Microsoft Power Point slide-show files is (MS Office/file extension)

a)    .exe

b)    .ppt

c)     .pot

d)    .pos

Ans. – B

5)    BIOS stand for (Computer Abbreviation)

a)    Basic Input Output System

b)    Base Input Output System

c)     Broad Information Output System

d)    Basic Information Operating System

Ans. – A

6)    How are data organized in a spread sheet? (MS Office)

a)    Lines and Spaces

b)    Layers and Planes

c)     Rows and Columns

d)    Height and Widths

Ans. – C

7)    When you are working on a document on PC, where is the document temporarily stored? (Fundamentals of Computer)

a)    ROM

b)    RAM

c)     CPU

d)    Flash Memory

Ans. – B

8)    One Megabyte equals (approximately) (Memory Management)

a)    1000 bits

b)    1000 bytes

c)     10 Lakh bytes

d)    Lakh bits

Ans. – C

9)     In MS Word, the mailing list is known as (MS Office)

a)    Data Sheet

b)    Sheet

c)     Data Source

d)    Source

Ans. – C

10)                      Which of the following is not a font style? (MS Office)

a)    Italics

b)    Superscript

c)     Regular

d)    Bold

Ans. – B

11)                      Portrait and Landscape are (MS Office)

a)    Page Orientation

b)    Page Layout

c)     Paper Size

d)    All these

Ans. – A

12)                      To insert three columns between column D and E, you will (MS Office)

a)    Select Column D

b)    Select Column E

c)     Select Column E, F and G

d)    Select Column D, E and F

Ans. – B

13)                      From which menu you can insert Header and Footer? (MS Office)

a)    Insert Menu

b)    View Menu

c)     Format Menu

d)    Tools Menu

Ans. – A

14)                      A combination of Row and Column is called (MS Office)

a)    Line

b)    Column

c)     Row

d)    Cell

Ans. – D

15. Wi-Fi stands for

a) Wireless Fidelity

b) None of these

c) Wiring Fidelity

d) Wireless File

Ans. – A

16. Which part of TCP/IP is responsible for breaking up data into small pieces at the source?

a) IP

b) TCP

c) Both a and b

d) None of these

Ans. – B

17. The Bcc option in e-mail message is used to

a) Send the same message to several people at the same time without letting them know that others have also received the same message

b) Add the address of the recipient

c) To attach document to the message

d) Add the address of the sender IP

Ans. – A

18. The data type is used to create a clickable link to a web page, file or email address.

a) Lookup Wizard

b) OLE Object

c) Hyperlink

d) Memo

Ans. – C

19. The first graphical Web browser was

a) Mozilla Firefox

b) Internet Explorer 

c) NCSA Mosaic

d) Opera

Ans. – C

20. Full form of GIF is

a) Graphics Interchange Format

b) Graphics Image Format

c) Graphics Inter Format

d) Graphics Information Format

Ans. – A

21. LINK, VLINK and ALINK are the attributes of which tag ?

a) HEAD

b) HTML

c) BODY

d) None of these

Ans. – C

22. DNS in internet technology stands for

a) Distributed Name System

b) Data Name System

c) Dynamic Name System

d) Domain Name System

Ans. - D

23. What does the SMTP in a SMTP server stand for?

a) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

b) Serve Message Text Protocol

c) Short Messaging Text Process

d) Short Messaging Transfer Protocol

Ans. – A

24. USB Stands for

a) Universal Sequential Bus

b) Universal Serial Bus

c) Unique Serial Bus

d) Unique Sequential Bus

Ans. – B

25. Combination of Multimedia and hyperlink is called:

a) Hypermedia

b) E-mail

c) Hypertext

d) None of these

Ans. – C

26. Which of the following would you use to transfer files over the internet?

a) HTTP

b) E-mail

c) FTP

d) Browser

Ans. – C

27. Which of the following is not a data type?

a) Picture/Graphic

b) Date/Time

c) Text

d) Number

Ans. – A

28. A digital document issued to a website by a certification authority on the internet is called:

a) Encryption

b) Digital Signature

c) Digital Certificate

d) Firewall

Ans. – C

29. “Ctrl + Home” is used to –

a) Move the cursor to the beginning of document

b) Move the cursor to the beginning of line

c) Move the cursor to the beginning of paragraph

d) All of the above

Ans. – A

30. Full form of URL is –

a) Uniform Resource Locator

b) Uniform Resource Link

c) Uniform Registered Link

d) Unified Resource Link

Ans. – A

31. A blog consists of –

a) Images

b) Text

c) Links

d) All of these

Ans. – D

32. Which type of software is an operating system?

a) Utility Software

b) System Software

c) Application Software

d) Firmware Software

Ans. – B

33. What is the name of a device that converts digital signals to analog signals?

a) Router

b) Switch

c) Modem

d) None of the above

Ans. – C

34. END Key is used to –

a) Move the cursor to the end of the line

b) Move the cursor to the end of the document

c) Move the cursor to the end of the paragraph

d) Move the cursor to the end of the screen

Ans. – A

35. Which feature is used to make selected sentence to all capital letters or all small letters?

a) Change letter

b) Change sentence

c) Change case

d) Change word

Ans. – C

36. Functions in MS Excel must begin with –

a) An () sign

b) An equal sign

c) An > sign

d) An plus sign

Ans. – B

37. In MS Excel, Columns are labeled as –

a) A, B, C, etc.

b) 1, 2, 3, etc.

c) A1, A2, A3, etc.

d) $A$1, $A$2, $A$#, etc.

Ans. – A

38. The process of arranging items of a column in some sequence or order is known as

a) Arranging

b) Filtering

c) Sorting

d) Autofill

Ans. – C

39. From where we can change the name of a user account?

a) Computer Name

b) Control Panel

c) Setting

d) Code Panel

Ans. – B

40. A global network made up of thousands of privately owned computers and networks is called the:

a) Search Engine

b) Intranet

c) Internet

d) World Wide Web

Ans. – C

41. Word processing, spreadsheet and photo-editing are examples of –

a) Application Software

b) System Software

c) Operating System Software

d) None of these

Ans. – A

42. The ____ folder retains copies of messages /mails that you have started but are not yet ready to send.

a) Outbox

b) Draft

c) Sent items

d) None of these

Ans. – B

43. What should be used if a company wants to include its company name and logo at the bottom of every page of a brochure?

a) Footnote

b) Header

c) Footer

d) Macro

Ans. – C

44. What is the permanent memory built into your computer called?

a) RAM

b) ROM

c) CPU

d) CD-ROM

Ans. – B

45. In computer 1 Gigabyte is equal to –

a) 1204 MB

b) 1240 MB

c) 1042 MB

d) 1024 MB

Ans. – D

46. What is/are the different view(s) to present a table?

a) Datasheet View

b) Design View

c) Pivote Table View

d) All of the above

Ans. – D

47. Which of these software applications was not part of the first version of Microsoft office?

a) Paint

b) PowerPoint

c) Outlook

d) MS Word

Ans. – C

48. Which one is the most suitable reason to use Macro in MS Office (Word, Excel, PPT, etc.)?

a) To Record Sound

b) To automate repetitive tasks

c) To Record Mouse Move

d) To Record Keystroke

Ans. – B

49. We can start MS Word by typing ______ in the Run Dialog box.

a) Winword.exe

b) Word.exe

c) Msword.exe

d) Docx.exe

Ans. – A

50. Name the application under MS Office software bundle, which we use to create audio presentation?

a) MS Word

b) MS Excel

c) MS PowerPoint

d) MS Access

Ans. – C

51. You cannot close MS Office application by –

a) Exit from File menu

b) Pressing Alt+F4

c) Clicking [X] Button

d) Close from File Menu

Ans. – D

52. The key combination which is used to insert a Line Break is –

a) Alt+Enter

b) Ctrl+Enter

c) Fn+Enter

d) Shift+Enter

Ans. – D

53. Which of the following is a Desktop Database application of MS Office suit?

a) MS Word

b) MS PowerPoint

c) MS Access

d) MS Excel

Ans. – C

54. The shortcut used to paste an image copied from another document in MS Office is _ .

a) Ctrl+P

b) Ctrl+X

c) Ctrl+V

d) Ctrl+S

Ans. – C

55. A text in a document is Bold, Red in colour with Green Background, if we want to apply all of the formatting to another paragraph in one go, which option will we use?

a) Format Button

b) Format Menu

c) Format Macro

d) Format Painter

Ans. – D

56. The word bandwidth is also used to mean _.

a) Width of the data cable

b) Number of the computers on a particular network

c) Amount of data transferred

d) None of the above

Ans. – C

57. In order to save word document as a web page you need to –

a) Put the appropriate graphics and links on the document

b) Save the document in simple text format

c) Use your web browser as an editor and save as URL

d) Save as HTML

Ans. – D

58. World Wide Web was proposed by:

a) Bill Gates

b) Bill Rogers

c) Tim Berners-Lee

d) None of the above

Ans. – C

59. Which among the following is not an internet browser?

a) Netscape Navigator

b) Chrome

c) Drupal
d) Opera

Ans. – C

60. A modem is not needed when accessing the internet through:

a) LAN

b) Cable

c) Wi-Fi

d) None of these

Ans. – B

61. Which one of the following software applications would be the most appropriate for performing numerical and statistical calculations?

a) Database

b) Spreadsheets

c) Document processor

d) Slide presentation

Ans. – B

62. USB in data cables stands for –

a) Universal Structural Bus

b) Unicode Serial Bus

c) Universal Serial Bus

d) None of these

Ans. – C

63. Which of the following can be used to select the entire document?

a) Ctrl + A

b) Shift + A

c) Ctrl + X

d) Ctrl + H

Ans. – A

64. Which of the following is not a font style?

a) Bold

b) Italic

c) Superscript

d) Regular

Ans. – C

65. To insert a new slide in a presentation, press _____.

a) Ctrl + N

b) Ctrl + M

c) Ctrl + S

d) Ctrl + O

Ans. – B

66. OCR stands for ____.

a) Optical Character Recognition

b) Optical Character Rendering

c) Other Character Restoration

d) None of these

Ans. – A

67. If a new device is attached to a computer, such as printer or scanner, its ______ must installed before the device can be used.

a) Buffer

b) Driver

c) Pager

d) Server

Ans. – B

68. Cyberspace is being governed by a system of law and regulation called:

a) Civil Law

b) Criminal Law

c) Electronic Law

d) Cyber Law

Ans. – D

69. Arrange in ascending order the units of memory TB, KB, GB, MB:

a) TB>MB>GB>KB

b) MB>GB>TB>KB

c) TB>GB>MB>KB

d) GB>MB>KB>TB

Ans. – C

70. The printed output from a computer is called:

a) Duplicate copy

b) Soft copy

c) Paper copy

d) Hard copy

Ans. – D

71. To set Page Border in MS Excel from

a) From Border tab in Format cells dialog box

b) From Border tool in formatting toolbar

c) From Line Style tool in drawing toolbar

d) You can not set page border in Excel

Ans. – D

72. Which of the following is a correct format of E-mail address?

a) name@website@info

b) name@website.info

c) www.nameofwebsite.com

d) name.website.com

Ans. – B

73. A computer on internet are identified by:

a) E-mail address

b) Street address

c) IP address

d) None of these

Ans. – C

74. How many sheets are there, by default, when we create a new MS Excel file?

a) 2

b) 3

c) 5

d) 6

Ans. – B

75. Microprocessors as switching devices are for which generation computers

a) First Generation

b) Second Generation

c) Fourth Generation

d) Third Generation

Ans. – C

76. Which of the following is not an input device?

a) OCR

b) Optical scanners

c) Voice recognition device

d) COM (Computer Output to Microfilm)

Ans. – D

77. The web address is also called a _____.

a) RLU

b) LUR

c) URL

d) ULR

Ans. – C

78. Who is the father of computer?

a) Charles Newman

b) Charles Babbage

c) Henry Babbage

d) Henry Luce

Ans. – B

79. The Translator Program used in assembly language is called

a) Compiler

b) Interpreter

c) Translator

d) Assembler

Ans. – D

80. Which of the following memories allows simultaneous read and write operations?

a) ROM

b) EEPROM

c) RAM

d) EPROM

Ans. – RAM

81. Operating system is used in which generation of computer for the first time?

a) First Generation

b) Third Generation

c) Second Generation

d) Fourth Generation

Ans. – A

82. Which of the following is correct full form of BCD?

a) Binary Coded Digit

b) Bit Coded Decimal

c) Binary Coded Decimal

d) Bit Coded Digit

Ans. – C

83. Memory unit is one part of

a) Input device

b) Control unit

c) Output device

d) Central Processing Unit

Ans. – D

84. Which of the following are the most powerful computers?

a) Mainframe computers

b) Mini computers

c) Micro computers

d) Super computers

Ans. – D

85. Example of non-numeric data is ________.

a) Employee address

b) Examination score

c) Bank balance

d) All of these

Ans. – A

86. The Term GIGO is related to

a) Accuracy

b) Automatic

c) Flexibility

d) Versatility

Ans. – A

87. Of the following, which is the fastest?

a) CD-ROM

b) RAM

c) Registers

d) Cache

Ans. – C

88. Who designed the first electronic computer – ENIAC?

a) Van Nuemann

b) Joseph Jacquard

c) Presper Eckert & John Mauchly

d) Denis Ritche

Ans. – C

89. Which of the following is first generation of computer?

a) ENIAC

b) IBM-1401

c) ASCII

d) None of these

Ans. – A

90. Which system is used by the digital computers to encode data and programs?

a) Decimal

b) Binary

c) Hexadecimal

d) Octal

Ans. – B

91. What is the name of the first super computer of the world?

a) CDC 6600

b) USENET

c) COMODOR VIC/20

d) PARAM-10000

Ans. – A

92. An integrated circuit, also referred as IC chip is a set of electronic circuit on a small plate is made of:

a) Copper

b) Silicon

c) Silica

d) Chromium

Ans. – B

93. Another name for computer chip is –

a) Microchip

b) Motherboard

c) CPU

d) Microprocessor

Ans. – A

94. Optical Character Reader (OCR) is an example of –

a) Output Device

b) Input Device

c) Interface Device

d) Storage Device

Ans. – B

95. In a computer, which device is functionally opposite to a keyboard?

a) Joystick

b) Trackball

c) Mouse

d) Printer

Ans. – D

96. The first computer mouse was built by –

a) Douglas Engelbart

b) William English

c) Oaniel Coogher

d) Robert Zawacki

Ans. – A

97. A standard alphanumeric keyboard of a Laptop usually consists of how many keys?

a) 76-80 key

b) 81-84 keys

c) 100-104 keys

d) 108-112 keys

Ans. – C

98. The smallest unit of a digital image is a ……….. .

a) Pixel

b) Pallette

c) Array

d) Loop

Ans. – A

99. In which graphics, digital photos and scanned images are typically stored with extensions such as .bmp, .png, .jpg, .tif or gif?

a) Bitmap

b) Pixels

c) Plane

d) Both Bitmap and Pixels

Ans. – A

100. What is the full form of JPEG?

a) Joint Photographic Experts Group

b) Joint Protocol Experts Graphics

c) Joint Programming Experts Graphics

d) Joint Project Experts Group

Ans. – A

101. Which key is used to move to next line in a MS Word document?

a) Enter Key

b) Escape Key

c) Shift Key

d) Return Key

Ans. – A

102. An example of an input device is ………….. .

a) Projector

b) Headphones

c) Soundcard

d) Webcam

Ans. – D

103. Which of the following memories must be refreshed many times per second?

a) EPROM

b) ROM

c) Static RAM

d) Dynamic RAM

Ans. – D

104. USB-type storage device is –

a) Secondary

b) Anxillary

c) Tertiary

d) Primary

Ans. – A

105. The faster, costlier and relatively small form of storage managed by computer system hardware is:

a) Main Memory

b) Flash Memory

c) Cache

d) Disk

Ans. – C

106. Permanent instructions that the computer uses when it is turned on and that cannot be changed by other instructions are contained in –

a) ROM

b) RAM

c) REM

d) None of these

Ans. – A

107. Which of the following medium is used between CPU & RAM to speed up the processing power of a CPU?

a) Virtual Memory

b) DRAM

c) Flash Memory

d) Cache Memory

Ans. – D

108. Breaking logical memory into blocks of the same size is called as:

a) Frames

b) Segments

c) Packets

d) Pages

Ans. – D

109. The contents of Memory will not loose, when the power goes off in …………… .

a) ROM

b) EPROM

c) EEPROM

d) All of above

Ans. – D

110. Which of the following is not a secondary storage unit?

a) RAM

b) DVD

c) Floppy

d) Magnetic

Ans. – A

111. The file system resides permanently on ……….. storage.

a) Primary

b) Secondary

c) Device

d) Direct memory

Ans. – B

112. DVD is –

a) Digital Video Disk

b) Dynamic Versatile Disk

c) Digital Versatile Disk

d) Dynamic Video Disk

Ans. – C

113. What is the shape of a DVD?

a) Square

b) Round

c) Triangular

d) Hexagonal

Ans. – B

114. Which of the following stores data permanently in a computer?

a) ALU

b) Cache Memory

c) RAM

d) ROM

Ans. – D

115. ……………. Optical data storage is a technology where data is stored in multiple layers in the optical disc.

a) 3 D

b) 30 D

c) 300 D

d) 3000 D

Ans. – A

116. ……….. is not a storage device.

a) iPod

b) Pen drives

c) Linux

d) Flash Disks

Ans. – C

117. An electronic path, that connect one part of computer to another is –

a) Logic gate

b) Serial Port

c) Modem

d) Bus

Ans. – D

118. C++ is ………… .

a) An operating system

b) A programming language

c) A software

d) None of these

Ans. - B

119. FORTRAN is not used for …………. .

A) Drawing pictures

B) Carrying out mathematics computations

a) Only A

b) Only B

c) Both A and B

d) Neither A nor B

Ans. – A

120. One TB approximately comprises or occupies which of the following data or space size?

a) 1000 KB

b) 1024 MB

c) 1024 GB

d) 1000 GB

Ans. – C

121. The transfer of data from a CPU to peripheral devices of computer is achieved through –

a) Modems

b) Computer ports

c) Interfaces

d) Buffer memory

Ans. – C

122. A collection of programs that controls how the computer system runs and process information is called –

a) Compiler

b) Linker

c) Operating System

d) Assembler

Ans. – B

123. ‘Teach Text’ is a text editor in which of the following operating systems?

a) Windows

b) Google chrome

c) Mozilla Firefox

d) Macintosh

Ans. – D

124. “Booting the system” means –

a) Loading the operating system

b) Dismissing the computer

c) Running an application program called “Booting”

d) Physically kicking the computer

Ans. – A

125. Pick the odd man out

a) UNIX

b) MS-DOS

c) WINDOWS 98

d) ACCESS

Ans. – D

126. Related to computers, what is meant by ‘software’?

a) Computer programs

b) Computer circuitry

c) Human brain

d) Floppy Discs

Ans. – A

127. What are the two major file systems in Microsoft Windows?

a) FAT32 and NTFS

b) HFS and UFS

c) XFS and EXT3

d) UDF and ZFS

Ans. – A

128. Which among the following is true about MS-Word?

a) It is a system software

b) It is an application software

c) It is both system and application software

d) None of these

Ans. – B

129. Which one of the following is an operating system?

a) Dot net

b) Java

c) Maya

d) Unix

Ans. – D

130. What is UBUNTU?

a) Operating system

b) Programming languages

c) Micro processor

d) None of these

Ans. – A

131. …………. Disk Encryption is a technology (hardware or software) where data is encrypted before storage.

a) Half

b) Whole

c) Double

d) Triple

Ans. B

132. What is a bug in computer terminology?

a) A virus

b) A program

c) An error in program

d) Magnetic disk storage device

Ans. – C

133. What is used to identify whether a data word has an odd or even number of 1s?

a) Cary bit

b) Zero bit

c) Parity bit

d) Sign bit

Ans. – C

134. LAN, WAN and MAN are computer networks covering different areas. Their first alphabets L, W and M respectively stand for

a) Local, Wide and Metropolitan

b) Long, Wireless and Metropolitan

c) Local, World and Middle

d) Least, Wireless and Maximum

Ans. – A

135. A parity bit is:

a) Used to indicate upper case letters

b) The last bit in a byte

c) The first bit in a byte

d) Use to detect errors

Ans. – B

136. Which of the following items is not used in Local Area Networks (LANs)?

a) Computer

b) Modem

c) Interface card

d) Cable

Ans. – B

137. Which is the name of the network topology in which there are bi-directional links between each possible node?

a) Ring

b) Star

c) Tree

d) Mesh

Ans. – D

138. LAN stands for

a) Local Area Nodes

b) Large Area Network

c) Large Area Nodes

d) Local Area Network

Ans. – D

139. An alternate name for the completely interconnected network topology is:

a) Mesh

b) Star

c) Tree

d) Ring

Ans. – A

140. Which one is the World’s oldest web browser?

a) World Wide Web

b) Mosaic

c) Opera

d) Netscape

Ans. – A

141. In the context of the Internet, what does IP stand for?

a) Internet Protocol

b) Intra Propaganda

c) Internet Proposal

d) Intra Protocol

Ans. – A

142. A computer hacker is –

a) A person who maintains computer security

b) A person who violates computer security with malicious intention for personal gain

c) A person responsible for safe computer operation

d) A person who repairs computer

Ans. – B

143. The web uses the ……………… to request and serve web pages and programs.

a) Hyper Text Marketing Language

b) Hyper Text Markup Language

c) Hotmail Text Markup Language

d) Home Text Markup Language

Ans. – B

144. A computer virus is –

a) A computer program that replicate itself

b) A virus that affects health of human being

c) Both of the above

d) None of the above

Ans. – A

145. What does the “.com” in the URL: www.abcd.com indicate?

a) Commercial

b) Corporate

c) Co-operative

d) Conceal

Ans. – A

146. DOS can not retrieve any data from a disk if a computer virus corrupts the ______ of the computer.

 a) File allocation table

b) BAT files

c) Root Directory Area

d) Directory Area

Ans. – A

147. Which one of the following is an example of a web browser?

a) Opera

b) Star Works

c) Google Apps

d) Odilla

Ans. – A

148. ICMP is used for

a) Addressing

b) Forwarding

c) Multicasting

d) Error Reporting

Ans. – D

149. The internet was originally developed by which of the following?

a) By computer hackers

b) By corporation

c) By US department of defence

d) By university of Michigan

Ans. – C

150. An IP address is ……………. Bit number.

a) 8

b) 32

c) 64

d) 104

Ans. – B

151. In computer terminology, what is the full form of FTP?

a) Final Transfer Position

b) File Transfer Position

c) File Transfer Packet

d) File Transfer Protocol

Ans. – A

152. What is the full form of ISDN?

a) International Service Digital Network

b) Indian Service Digital Network

c) Integrated Service Digital Network

d) Internal Service Digital Network

Ans. – C

153. The ………… uses an addressing scheme known as URL to indicate the location of files on the web.

a) Java Script

b) World Wide Web

c) SQL

d) String

Ans. – B

154. The attribute …………. Specifies (in pixels) the distance between two adjacent cells.

a) Width

b) Height

c) Cellpadding

d) Cellspacing

Ans. – D

155. While on the desktop in windows, what happens pressing F5 do?

a) Refreshes the screen

b) Opens help menu

c) Does nothing

d) Opens search

Ans. – A

156. In windows, icons such as Add/Remove program Add New Hardware, Modems etc., are found in - 

a) Control Panel

b) Network Neighborhood

c) My Computer

d) Task Bar

Ans. – C

157. Which option is correct to enter the charts in MS Excel –?

a) Formulas >> charts

b) Data >> charts

c) Insert menu >> charts 

d) View >> charts

Ans. – C

158. The word wrap feature –

a) Automatically moves the text to next line when necessary

b) Appears at the bottom of the document

c) Allows you to type over text

d) Is the short horizontal line indicating the end of the document

Ans. – A

159. In MS Excel, what is function inside another function called?

a) Round function

b) Sandwich function

c) Switch function

d) Nested function

Ans. – D

160. In Microsoft Excel, the …. () function returns the largest value among the values passed as arguments.

a) HIGHEST

b) MORE

c) HIGH

d) MAX

Ans. – D

161. Which of the following is in the ascending order of data hierarchy?

a) Bit – Byte – Field – Record

b) Bit – Byte – Record – Field

c) Field – Byte – Bit – Record

d) Byte – Bit – File – Record

Ans. – A

162. The red wave underline in MS – Word document indicates –

a) Spelling errors

b) Grammar errors

c) Address block

d) Printing errors

Ans. – A

163. An error in computer programming is termed as–

a) Bug

b) Bit

c) Wires

d) None of these.

Ans. – A

164. What is the control unit’s function in the CPU

a) To transfer data to primary storage

b) To store program instructions

c) To perform logic operations

d) To decode program instructions

Ans. – C

165. The errors that can be pointed out by the compiler are:

a) Syntax Error

b) Semantic Error

c) Logical Error

d) Internal Error

Ans. – A

166. One Gigabyte is approximately equal to :

a) 1000,000 bytes

b) 1000,000,000 bytes

c) 1000,000,000 bits

d) None of these

Ans. – B

167. Check the odd term out:

a) Internet

b) Linux

c) Unix

d) Windows

Ans. – A

168. The format for storing digital audio in Multimedia application is:

a) JPEG

b) TIFF

c) WAV

d) BMP

Ans. – C

169. A ‘’bug’’ is a logical fault in a programming system which causes unexpected or undesirable results under certain conditions. During the life cycle of a software system, a bug can be:

a) Detected

b) Isolated

c) Repaired

d) All of the above

Ans. – C

170. UNIX is an example of:

a) Batch processing operating system

b) Time sharing operating system

c) Real time sharing system

d) None of these

Ans. – C

171. Conceptually, the circuitry of a central processing unit (CPU) can be subdivided into two major subunits. Which one of the following units would perform the required arithmetic and comparison operations?

a) ALU

b) Control unit

c) RAID unit

d) Fuzzy logic unit

Ans. – A

 

Model Questions for Upcoming Examinations

 

5.    In how many generations a computer can be classified?

a) 2

b) 4

c) 6

d) 5

Ans. – D

6.    The basic architecture of computer was developed by

a)    Charles Babbage

b)    Jon Von Neumann

c)     Garden Moore

d)    Blaise Pascal

Ans. – B

7.    Which protocol provides e-mail facility among different hosts?

a)    SNMP

b)    FTP

c)     SMTP

d)    TELNET

Ans. – C

8.    The process of copying data from a memory location is called

a)    Reading

b)    Writing

c)     Booting

d)    Controlling

Ans. – A

9.    The process of putting data into a storage location is called

a)    Controlling

b)    Reading

c)     Writing

d)    Handshaking

Ans. – C

10.                       Super computers are mainly useful for

a)    Mathematical intensive scientific application

b)    Data-retrieval operations

c)     Input-output processing

d)    All of the above

Ans. – A

11.                       Which memory is non volatile and may be written only once?

a) EPROM

b) PROM

c) RAM

d) EEPROM

Ans. – B

12.                       The memory which is programmed at the time it is manufactured is

a)    PROM

b)    RAM

c)     ROM

d)    EEPROM

Ans. – C

13.                       Microsoft Word is an example of

A.    An operating system

B.    Processing device

C.    An input device

D.   Application software

Ans. – D

14.                       Who invented the super computer?

a)    Charles Ginsberg

b)    Seymour Cray

c)     JH Van Tassell

d)    Charles Babbage

Ans. – B

15.                       ______ is the high speed memory used in the computer.

a)    Cache

b)    BIOS

c)     RAM

d)    Hard Disk

Ans. – A

16.                       Which one of the following is an example of operating system?

a)    Microsoft PowerPoint

b)    Microsoft Word

c)     Microsoft Access

d)    Microsoft Windows

Ans. – D

17.                       Fifth generation computers are based on

a)    VVLSI

b)    Artificial Intelligence

c)     System Knowledge

d)    Programming intelligence

Ans. – B

18.                       Which of the following memory is non – volatile

a)    DRAM

b)    ROM

c)     SRAM

d)    All of the above

Ans. – B

19.                       Microprocessor was introduced in which generation of computer?

a)    First Generation

b)    Second Generation

c)     Third Generation

d)    Fourth Generation

Ans. – D

20.                       The processor which performs arithmetical and logical operations is called

a)    Register

b)    Cache Memory

c)     Control

d)    ALU

Ans. – D

21.                       Which was an early mainframe computer?

a)    ENIAC

b)    UNIC

c)     FUNTRIA

d)    BRAINIA

Ans. – A

22.                       Which of the following Intel processor introduced?

a)    3080

b)    8080

c)     4004

d)    8086

Ans. – C

23.                       Computer virus is a ______.

a)    Bacteria

b)    Freeware

c)     Software

d)    Hardware

Ans. – C

24.                       Another term for main memory is

a)    RAM

b)    ROM

c)     Hard Disk

d)    Floppy Disk

Ans. – C

25.                       EEPROM Stands for

a)    Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

b)    Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

c)     Electrically Enabled Programmable Read Only Memory

d)    Electronically Enabled Programmable Read Only Memory

Ans. – A

26.                       A collection of 8 bit is called

a)    Nibble

b)    Byte

c)     Word

d)    Record

Ans. – B

27.                       GUI stands for

a)    Graphical User Interface

b)    Graphical Universal Interface

c)     Graphical Unique Interface

d)    Graph Use Interface

Ans. – A

28.                       Computer is a/an

a)    Battery

b)    Electronic machine

c)     Motor

d)    All of these

Ans. – B

29.                       The first computer language developed was

a)    BASIC

b)    COBOL

c)     PASCAL

d)    FORTRAN

Ans. – D

30.                       Who developed integrated chip?

a)    JS Killby

b)    CV Raman

c)     Robert Nayak

d)    Charles Babbage

Ans. – A

31.                       First Indian Computer is

a)    CRAY – 1

b)    PARAM

c)     Siddhartha

d)    IBM – 380

Ans. – C

32.                       First generation computers were based on

a)    Integrated Chips

b)    Transistors

c)     Vacuum Tubes

d)    Conductors

Ans. – C

33.                       First generation computers used _____ languages.

a)    Super high level language

b)    High level language

c)     Assembly language

d)    Machine level language

Ans. – D

34.                       The word computer has been derived from which language

a)    Hindi

b)    English

c)     Greek

d)    Latin

Ans. – D

35.                       Which of the following is the father of modern computer?

a)    Charles Babbage

b)    Dennis Ritchie

c)     Alan Turing

d)    Bill Gates

Ans. – C

36.                       The first computer which provides storage is

a)    ENIAC

b)    EDSAC

c)     EDBAC

d)    MARK – 1

Ans. – B

37.                       The period of the second generation computer was

a)    1946 – 1956

b)    1940 – 1950

c)     1959 – 1965

d)    1950 – 1970

Ans. – C

38.                       ENIAC was

a)    An memory device

b)    An electronic digital computer

c)     An electronic calculator

d)    An engine

Ans. B

39.                       India’s first super computer name is

a)    PARAM

b)    Buddha

c)     Gandhi

d)    Aryabhatta  

Ans. – A

40.                       For move to the bottom of a document, press ………. .

a)    Home Key

b)    Ctrl + End Key

c)      Ctrl + Home Key

d)    End Key

Ans. – B

41.                       By default, your documents print in ______ mode.

a)    Print Preview

b)    Landscape

c)     Portrait

d)    Page Setup

Ans. – C

42.                       Which of the following is the largest manufacturer of Hard Disk Drives?

a)    Microsoft

b)    Apple

c)     IBM

d)    Seagate

Ans. – D

43.                       To save a document in different location use

a)    Save as webpage

b)    Save

c)     Save as

d)    Close

Ans. C

44.                       What is considered the ‘backbone’ of the World Wide Web?

a)    HTTP

b)    HTML

c)     FTP

d)    URL

Ans. – A

45.                       Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a computer?

a)    Versatility

b)    Speed

c)     Intelligence

d)    Automation

Ans. – C

46.                       A wireless network uses _____ waves to transmit signals.

a)    Sound

b)    Mechanical

c)     Radio

d)    Magnetic

Ans. – C

47.                       We use the World Wide Web using:

a)    Search Engine

b)    High Bandwidth

c)     Instant Messaging Applications

d)    Browsers

Ans. – D       

48.                                         In a network, the computer that stores the files and process the data is named as

a) Modem

b) Terminal

c) Server

d) All of these

Ans. - C

49.                       Which storage device can not be erased?

a) CD-ROM

b) Floppy Disk

c) Magnetic Tape 

d) All of the above

Ans. – A

50.                       The brain of any computer system is

a) Control Unit       

b) Memory

c) ALU

d) CPU

Ans. – D

51.                       How can we bring 'My Computer' icon on the desktop if it is not there?

a)    From Wallpaper

b)    From Settings

c)     From Display Properties

d)    From Explorer

Ans. – C

52.                       Internet Explorer is used for :

a)    Viewing Movie

b)    Listening Music

c)     Viewing Web Pages

d)    Drawing

Ans. – C

53.                       The extension of a text file is

a)    .text

b)    .txt

c)     .tet

d)    .tft

Ans. – B

54.                       The process of erasing a disk called

a)    Formatting

b)    Cleaning

c)     Wiping

d)    Defragmenting

Ans. – A

55.                       Which one is an example of database designing software?

a)    MS Word

b)    MS Excel

c)     MS Access

d)    MS PowerPoint

Ans. – C

56.                       The shortcuts that appears on the desktop is called

a)    Icon

b)    My Document

c)     My Computer

d)    Image

Ans. – A

57.                       Which one is an example of word processing software?

a)    Notepad

b)    Oracle

c)     MS Excel

d)    MS Word

Ans. – MS Word

58.                       HTML is used to create

a)    Web server

b)    Web page

c)     Programming language

d)    Machine language

Ans. – B

59.                       The process of transferring files from a computer on the Internet to your computer is called

a)    Downloading

b)    FTP

c)     Forwarding

d)    Uploading

Ans. – A

60.                       Which one of the following is not a search engine

a)    Yahoo

b)    Bing

c)     Windows

d)    Google

Ans. – C

61.                       Verification of a login name and password is known as

a)    Accessibility

b)    Authentication

c)     Logging in

d)    Configuration

Ans. – B

62.                       Moving from one website to another is called

a)    Attachment

b)    Uploading

c)     Browsing

d)    Downloading

Ans. – C

63.                       The following are components of a database except _________.

a)    Reports

b)    Meta data

c)     User data

d)    Indexes

Ans. – A

64.                       SQL stands for _______.

a)    Sequential Query Language

b)    Structured Query Language

c)     Structured Question Language

d)    Sequential Question Language

Ans. – B

65.                       Error detection at the data link level is achieved by

a)    Hamming code

b)    Equalization

c)     Cyclic Redundancy code

d)    Bit Stuffing

Ans. – C

66.                       The topology with highest reliability is

a)    Ring

b)    Mesh

c)     Star

d)    Bus

Ans. – B

67.                       Which network has connectivity range upto 10 meters?

a)    MAN

b)    LAN

c)     PAN

d)    WAN

Ans. – C

68.                       What is Unicode?

a)    Supports only few characters

b)    Characters from A to Z

c)     Only few languages are supported

d)    Represents symbol and characters used in any language

Ans. – D

69.                       OSI model means:

a)    Operating System Interconnection

b)    Open System Interconnection

c)     Operating Source Interconnection

d)    Open Source Interconnection

Ans. – B

70.                       How many hosts are attached to each of the local area network at your site?

a)    254

b)    256

c)     128

d)    32

Ans. – A

71.                       In which year were chips used inside the computer for the first time?

a)    1977

b)    1962

c)     1975

d)    1980

Ans. – C

72.                       Kilobyte equals to how many bytes?

a)    8

b)    100

c)     1024

d)    1000

Ans. – C

73.                       A nibble is equal to ……….. Bits.

a)    4

b)    8

c)     16

d)    32

Ans. – D